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Types of Laser

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Depending on the nature of the active media, lasers are classified into three main categories, solid, liquid, and gas.
·         Solid Laser(Diode): is an optically clear material composed of a crystal and an impurity dopant.  The output wavelength is determined for the most part by the impurity.  Examples:  Ruby laser.
·        Gas Laser: are very much like fluorescent light sources.  An electric current pass through the optical cavity exciting atoms, resulting in the emission of light.  Examples: CO2.
·         Liquid Laser: liquids are more homogeneous as compared to solids and have larger density of active atoms as compared to the gasses. [27]
Main Component of Laser:
·         Lasing Medium.
·         Pump Source.
·         Optical Cavity.
·         Output Coupler.
A pump source excites the lasing medium, resulting in an emission of light.  In the optical cavity, which contains the lasing medium, there are mirrors at both ends of the laser causing the emitted light to bounce back and forth.  The lasing medium has certain excitation characteristics, which in turn allow for the amplification of the emitted light.  The medium determines the wavelength.
Industrial Operations:
- Cutting.
- Boring.
- Engraving.

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